Comment on amt-2022-52
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<strong class="journal-contentHeaderColor">Abstract.</strong> An optimal estimation-based algorithm is developed to retrieve the number density of excited oxygen (O<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>) molecules that generate airglow emissions near 0.76â<span class="inline-formula">µ</span>m (<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msup><mi>b</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">1</mn></msup><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mo>+</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="26pt" height="17pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="e23f4f729858696de5562ade75bd55ba"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-15-3721-2022-ie00001.svg" width="26pt" height="17pt" src="amt-15-3721-2022-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> or <span class="inline-formula"><i>A</i></span> band) and 1.27â<span class="inline-formula">µ</span>m (<span class="inline-formula"><i>a</i><sup>1</sup>Î<sub>g</sub></span> or <span class="inline-formula"><sup>1</sup>Î</span> band) in the upper atmosphere. Both oxygen bands are important for the remote sensing of greenhouse gases. The algorithm is applied to the limb spectra observed by the SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) instrument in both the nominal (tangent heights below <span class="inline-formula">â¼</span>â90âkm) and mesosphereâlower thermosphere (MLT) modes (tangent heights spanning 50â150âkm). The number densities of emitting O<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> in the <span class="inline-formula"><i>a</i><sup>1</sup>Î<sub>g</sub></span> band are retrieved in an altitude range of 25â100âkm near-daily in 2010, providing a climatology of O<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> <span class="inline-formula"><i>a</i><sup>1</sup>Î<sub>g</sub></span>-band airglow emission. This climatology will help disentangle the airglow from backscattered light in nadir remote sensing of the <span class="inline-formula"><i>a</i><sup>1</sup>Î<sub>g</sub></span> band. The global monthly distributions of the vertical column density of emitting O<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> in <span class="inline-formula"><i>a</i><sup>1</sup>Î<sub>g</sub></span> state show mainly latitudinal dependence without other discernible geographical patterns. Temperature profiles are retrieved simultaneously from the spectral shapes of the <span class="inline-formula"><i>a</i><sup>1</sup>Î<sub>g</sub></span>-band airglow emission in the nominal limb mode (valid altitude range of 40â100âkm) and from both <span class="inline-formula"><i>a</i><sup>1</sup>Î<sub>g</sub></span>- and <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M18" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msup><mi>b</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">1</mn></msup><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mo>+</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="26pt" height="17pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="11467d6e86e83b59d143f98a0818d72e"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-15-3721-2022-ie00002.svg" width="26pt" height="17pt" src="amt-15-3721-2022-ie00002.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>-band airglow emissions in the MLT mode (valid range of 60â105âkm). The temperature retrievals from both airglow bands are consistent internally and in agreement with independent observations from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier transform spectrometer (ACE-FTS) and the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS), with the absolute mean bias near or below 5âK and root mean squared error (RMSE) near or below 10âK. The retrieved emitting O<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> number density and temperature provide a unique dataset for the remote sensing of greenhouse gases and constraining the chemical and physical processes in the upper atmosphere.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".