Antagonistic effect of copper and zinc in fertilization of spring wheat under low soil phosphorus conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sound micronutrient management requires an understanding of nutrient interactions and transformation processes in soil–plant systems which can regulate bioavailability and plant uptake. A series of studies were conducted under controlled environment and field conditions to evaluate wheat response to Cu and Zn fertilization on P-deficient soils from western Canada. The grain and straw yields of wheat were reduced in two (Waskada and Tisdale) of three soils used in the controlled environment study, while yield was not affected at the Echo field site in 2016 when both Cu and Zn sulfate fertilizer were applied at 5 kg·ha–1 rates. Zinc concentration in soil and plant tissues was increased to apparent toxic levels with fertilizer addition in Waskada soils. An imbalance in tissue P:Zn concentration related to micronutrient fertilization was observed in Waskada and Tisdale soils. The availability of Cu and Zn in post-harvest soils was increased with increasing rate of these fertilizers' addition. Chemical and spectroscopic speciation using sequential extraction and X-ray absorption near edge structure, respectively, revealed that Cu and Zn were mostly speciated as carbonate phases, and complexation of these elements with carbonate and phyllosilicate minerals is likely the process controlling bioavailability in the soils.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".