Single‐Entity Electrochemical Detection of As‐Prepared Metallic and Dielectric Nanoparticle Stochastic Impacts in a Phosphonium Ionic Liquid
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Nanoparticles (NPs) are of considerable interest, owing to their enhanced catalytic activity and optical properties. Ionic liquids (ILs) are employed as a medium to prepare small (<20 nm in diameter) and relatively low dispersity (typically, ±1–2 nm) NPs. While ensemble techniques ( e. g ., UV/Vis) can provide a great deal of information, increasingly, single‐entity electrochemistry (SEE) has been used to provide physical insight into individual NP catalysis and dynamics. Herein, Pt NP impact current spikes for particles prepared in the IL phase and based on electrocatalytic amplification (ECA) of the borohydride oxidation reaction (BOR) were recorded during i‐t measurements. Additionally, direct oxidative LiBH 4 nanocrystal (NC) impact signals were observed herein for the first time. By quantifying the charge transferred during the stochastic collision events, the radius of the NCs ( r NC ) was calculated (∼5.5 nm) and compares favorably with TEM images. Critically, small additions (1 % v/v) of a molecular, polar organic solvent (tetrahydrofuran, THF) disrupt the ILs supramolecular fluidic nature, which enhances NC impact frequency and the aggregation of Pt NPs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".