Association Between Recycled Manure Solids Bedding and Subclinical Mastitis Incidence: A Canadian Cohort Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recycled manure solids (RMS) are increasingly used as bedding for dairy cows. However, potential impact of RMS bedding on animal health is not well described. The objective of this study was to evaluate subclinical mastitis incidence in cows housed on RMS bedding. Twenty RMS farms and a comparative group of 60 straw-bedded farms were enrolled in a 1-year longitudinal study (2018-2019). Data from 11,031 dairy cows were collected. Variations of individual somatic cell count were evaluated using three different methods. First, we compared the cow's mean lactation linear score between cows housed on the two bedding types. Then, we compared across bedding types the risk for a given cow of having a milk test with a linear score ≥ 4. Finally, we evaluated the dynamics of somatic cell count using pairs of tests within a cow. More specifically, we considered that only pairs of DHI tests where the first test yielded a linear score < 4 were at risk of an incident subclinical mastitis event. Then, we defined a newly acquired subclinical mastitis when the second test was ≥ 4. All models were adjusted for putative confounders. We could not highlight a significant association between bedding type and cow's mean lactational linear score (least square mean of 2.47 in cows from RMS farms vs. 2.37 in straw farms; 95%CI for linear score's difference: -0.20, 0.40). Furthermore, we could not find an association between bedding type and the risk of a high linear score (≥ 4). For the latter, cows housed on RMS had 0.93 times the risk of having a high linear score than straw-bedded cows (%95 CI: 0.68, 1.28). Moreover, cows on recycled manure solids farms had 0.73 time the risk of acquiring subclinical mastitis when compared to straw-bedded farms. Again, this risk was not statistically significant (%95 CI: 0.54, 1.00). In our study, RMS bedding was not associated with subclinical mastitis, as measured by somatic cell count, when compared to cows housed on a more conventional bedding, straw bedding.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".