AMNIOTIC MEMBRANE GRAFT FOR THE TREATMENT OF LARGE REFRACTORY MACULAR HOLE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: Study off-label human amniotic membrane use outcomes for giant refractory macular hole closure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was performed at Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, over 52 months on patients who had undergone standard macular hole surgical procedures for treatment, but the hole failed to close. Refractory macular hole dimensions ranged from 824 µ m to 1,568 µ m. Before surgery, patients underwent slit-lamp examination, fundus photography, and optical coherence tomography for macular scan. Amniotic membrane graft (AMG) used in surgery was harvested from a human placenta 24 hours before. Before AMG application, enough internal limiting membrane peeling was performed to ensure perfect fitting and recovery. All holes were plugged with AMG and SF6 gas tamponade. RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients, 20 men and nine women, were included in this study. Mean age of patients was 58 ± 6. Patients had refractory holes of average 1,237.48 ± 151.25 µ m. Post-op, 100% macular hole closure was achieved in all patients. Type 1 closure was found in patients (37.93%) who underwent AMG surgery within 3 months after primary surgical failure. Type 2 closure was found in patients (62.07%) who were operated on 3 months after primary surgical failure. CONCLUSION: Refractory macular holes treated by AMG with SF6 gas tamponade achieve anatomical Type 1 closure if performed within 3 months of primary surgical repair.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".