Stage‐specific abiotic and biotic associations of the imperilled Silver Shiner<i>Notropis photogenis</i>in an urban drainage
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Stage‐specific abiotic and biotic associations are often poorly described for imperilled freshwater fishes, including Silver Shiner ( Notropis photogenis ; Threatened), which may limit species protection and recovery efforts. Here, we used fish and habitat sampling data from an urban drainage in southern Ontario, Canada to quantify abiotic and biotic associations for juvenile and adult Silver Shiner, while considering the potential effects of imperfect detection on sampled fishes. Detection probability of Silver Shiner was high (>0.80) across life‐stages, but occupancy models for adults and juveniles included different covariates. The top‐selected occupancy model (lowest Akaike's Information Criterion [AICc]) for adults included a positive effect of site depth, whereas sampling year was included in the top‐selected occupancy model for juveniles. A redundancy analysis suggested unique stage‐specific biotic associations; a positive association was observed between the abundance of adult Silver Shiner and Rosyface Shiner ( Notropis rubellus ), whereas positive associations were observed between juvenile Silver Shiner and the abundance of Fathead Minnow ( Pimephales promelas ) and Smallmouth Bass ( Micropterus dolomieu ). Overall, the results of this study advance the knowledge of stage‐specific abiotic and biotic associations of Silver Shiner, and the probability of species detection, which will inform future monitoring and protection of the species in Canada. More broadly, continued efforts are needed to quantify early life‐stage habitat requirements for informing the recovery of imperilled freshwater species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".