Improvement of the Efficiency and Beam Quality of the TRIUMF Charge State Booster
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract An Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source is used as the charge state booster (CSB) at the Isotope Separator and Accelerator facility (ISAC) of TRIUMF. Since its commissioning in 2010, the source has been used to charge breed radioactive ions ranging from potassium to erbium operating in single-frequency heating mode. Under this regime, the single charge state efficiency of the booster was measured up to 6 % for noble gases and the maximum charge state of Cesium that can be measured is 27+. The rf system of the source was recently upgraded to implement the two-frequency heating using a single waveguide. Preliminary operation of the booster in a two-frequency heating mode shifted the maximum charge state of Cesium that can be measured to 30+. Another point of improvement that is being addressed is the beam extraction system of the booster. A quadrupole scan technique using a thick lens approach has been developed to measure the emittance of the extracted beam and to analyze the quality of the extraction system. Overall, the system of the CSB is currently being optimized in preparation for the detailed determination of the effect of the two-frequency heating on the beam output.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".