Lectotypification of the threatened endemic Appalachian lichen <i>Alectoria fallacina</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Alectoria fallacina, described by the prolific 20th century lichenologist Josef Motyka, is a threatened species narrowly endemic to the Appalachian Mountains of eastern North America. The production of a unique unidentified fatty acid as the main secondary metabolite chemically separates A. fallacina from its congeners, especially the morphologically similar A. sarmentosa. Here we show that while A. fallacina and A. sarmentosa are entirely allopatric, the type collection of A. fallacina is a mixture of the two taxa and the holotype is A. sarmentosa. Detailed analyses of the original material support the conclusion that the lichen in the holotype packet was taken from another collection, and is in direct conflict with both the protologue and the current application of the name. We assert that the lichen currently assumed to be the holotype of A. fallacina was erroneously placed in the holotype packet by Motyka after the description, while the actual holotype lichen was likely retained in his personal herbarium now deposited at LBL. This highly unusual scenario is supported by other cases from the literature pertaining to the types of names published by this author. Based on the fact that the currently accepted holotype of A. fallacina directly conflicts with the protologue, that all evidence suggests it could not have been derived from the type locality, and the known working methods of both the collector of the type (Gunnar Degelius) as well as the describing author (Motyka), the holotype of A. fallacina is treated as effectively lost and the name is lectotypified with an isotype that unambiguously represents A. fallacina.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".