Phase transition and nanomechanical properties of refractory high-entropy alloy thin films: effects of co-sputtering Mo and W on a TiZrHfNbTa system
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) that consist of multiple principal refractory elements have attracted significant attention due to their many interesting and useful properties for structural applications. However, so far, a vast majority of reports on RHEAs focused on a few well-known compositions such as NbMoTaW, NbMoTaWV, and TiZrHfNbTa. The discovery of new RHEAs with enhanced mechanical properties has been highly desirable. Here we produce two new RHEA thin films - TiZrHfNbTaMo and TiZrHfNbTaW, by co-sputtering Mo or W on a previously studied TiZrHfNbTa RHEA system. The TiZrHfNbTaMo and TiZrHfNbTaW thin films exhibit an amorphous state, while the TiZrHfNbTa one shows a nanocrystalline structure. Using the nanoindentation method, we show that the addition of Mo or W in the TiZrHfNbTa during the co-sputtering process increases the hardness while resulting in comparable elastic moduli. Through the strain rate sensitivity tests of the thin films, we obtain their activation volumes and discuss their deformation mechanisms in the nanoindentation tests.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".