D230025D16Rik: A Novel Regulator of Muscle Cell Differentiation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rationale Loss of skeletal muscle mass and function is a common clinical feature and poor prognostic indicator in various diseases. A promising therapeutic approach of regenerative medicine for repair of skeletal muscle is through the delivery of cellular therapies targeting regulators of muscle regeneration (myogenesis). However, not all the proteins involved in this process have been identified. To address the gap in knowledge of proteins involved in myogenesis, we recently identified a novel gene, D230025D16Rik, which has never been characterized within the context of skeletal muscle growth and repair. Methods The role of D230025D16Rik in a C2C12 murine model of myoblast differentiation was assessed by using an siRNA loss‐of‐function approach. Differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts into myotubes in cells with intact D230025D16Rik and those with D230025D16Rik knockdown (KD) was determined by various experimental techniques, such as RT‐qPCR, microarray, immunofluorescence staining, and immunoblotting. Results D230025D16Rik has a mainly nuclear localization in myoblasts, whereas in myotubes, D230025D16Rik has both a nuclear and cytosolic localization. D230025D16Rik expression level is induced at the onset of differentiation (i.e., Day 1) and steadily increases as myoblasts fuse into myotubes. In response to D230025D16Rik KD, the expression of transcription factors MyoD1 and Myogenin and muscle‐specific transcripts Myosin Heavy Chain ( MyHC ) and Muscle Creatine Kinase ( MCK ) were upregulated such that a significant acceleration of myogenesis was observed. This observation was further confirmed by an analysis of transcriptomes of control and D230025D16Rik KD myoblasts that revealed an upregulation of myogenesis‐related transcripts in cells with D230025D16Rik KD. Phenotypically, we observe hypertrophic myotube formation at days 0 and 1 in response to D230025D16Rik KD, as indicated by immunofluorescence staining for MyHC. Finally, the presence of nuclear aggregates on D230025D16Rik KD myotubes indicates that D230025D16Rik is essential for proper myotube formation. Conclusion Altogether, these findings highlight, for the first time, the potential regulatory functions of D230025D16Rik during myogenesis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".