Characterization of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers associated with neurodegenerative diseases in healthy cynomolgus and rhesus macaque monkeys
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Monkeys are becoming important translational models of neurodegenerative disease. To facilitate model development, we measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of key biomarkers in healthy male and female cynomolgus and rhesus macaques. Amyloid beta (Aβ40, Aβ42), tau (total tau [t-tau], phosphorylated tau [pThr181]), and neurofilament light (NfL) concentrations were measured in CSF of 82 laboratory-housed, experimentally naïve cynomolgus (n = 33) and rhesus (n = 49) macaques. Aβ40 and Aβ42 were significantly higher in rhesus, and female rhesus were higher than males. NfL and t-tau were higher in males, and NfL was higher in rhesus macaques. p-tau was not affected by species or sex. We also examined whether sample location (lumbar or cisterna puncture) affected concentrations. Sample acquisition site only affected NfL, which was higher in CSF from lumbar puncture compared to cisterna magna puncture. Establishing normative biomarker values for laboratory-housed macaque monkeys provides an important resource by which to compare to monkey models of neurodegenerative diseases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".