Variation and Functional Markers of Xa23 Promoter of Rice Bacterial Blight Resistance Gene
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Xa23 is a dominant gene with broad spectrum and strong resistance to bacterial blight of rice. The functional difference between Xa23 and the allele susceptible gene xa23 lies in the 28 bp core sequence on the promoter that is recognized and activated by the avirulent effector avrXa23 of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae (EBEavrXa23) and development of Xa23 functional markers can speed up the process of rice breeding. In this study, the Xa23 promoters of 43 wild rice and 7 representative conventional rice were tested, and the 200 bp sequence upstream of the promoter was analyzed using Vector NTI . The results showed that only 9 common wild rice and 2 conventional rice could amplify about 200 bp sequence upstream of promoter, and the detection rate was only 22.0%, indicating that Xa23 was not widespread in rice. Further sequence analysis showed that there were abundant variations in the sequence of EBE avrXa23 , with at least seven haplotypes in its allele sequence, but EBE avrXa23 only exists in rice CBB23. Finally, the Xa23 dominant functional marker was developed based on the sequence of EBE avrXa23 . It was verified that the marker could clearly distinguish whether there was Xa23 gene in rice. This study will be helpful to further study the evolution mechanism of Xa23 and molecular mark assisted breeding.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".