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Search for Relativistic Magnetic Monopoles with Eight Years of IceCube Data
M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, Cyril Martin Alispach, A. A. Alves, N. M. Amin, R. An, K. Andeen, T. Anderson, G. Anton, C. Argüelles, Yosuke Ashida, Spencer Axani, X. Bai, Aswathi Balagopal, Anastasia Maria Barbano, S. W. Barwick, Benjamin Bastian, Vedant Basu, S. Baur, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, K.-H. Becker, J. Becker Tjus, Chiara Bellenghi, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Besson, G. Binder, D. Bindig, E. Blaufuss, Summer Blot, Matthias Boddenberg, Federico Bontempo, Jürgen Borowka, S. Böser, O. Botner, J. Böttcher, Etienne Bourbeau, Federica Bradascio, J. Braun, S. Bron, Jannes Brostean-Kaiser, Sally-Ann Browne, A. Burgman, Ryan T. Burley, Raffaela Busse, Michael Campana, Erin Carnie-Bronca, C. Chen, Z. Chen, D. Chirkin, K. Choi, Brian Clark, K. Clark, Lew Classen, Alan Coleman, G. H. Collin, J. M. Conrad, Paul Coppin, Pablo Correa, D. F. Cowen, R. Cross, Christian Dappen, Pranav Dave, C. De Clercq, James DeLaunay, H.-P. Dembinski, Kunal Deoskar, Abhishek Desai, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, M. de With, T. DeYoung, A. Diaz, J. C. Díaz–Vélez, Markus Dittmer, Hrvoje Dujmović, M. Dunkman, M. A. DuVernois, Emily Dvorak, Thomas Ehrhardt, P. Eller, R. Engel, John Evans, P. A. Evenson, Kwok Lung Fan, A. R. Fazely, Nora Feigl, Sebastian Fiedlschuster, Aaron Fienberg, K. Filimonov, C. Finley, Leander Fischer, D. B. Fox, A. Franckowiak, Edward Friedman, Alexander Fritz, T. K. Gaisser, J. S. Gallagher, S. Garrappa, L. Gerhardt, Christian Gläser, Theo Glauch, T. Glüsenkamp, J. G. González, Sreetama Goswami, D. Grant, T. Grégoire, Spencer Griswold, Mehmet Gündüz, A. Hallgren, R. Halliday, F. Halzen, Martin Ha Minh, K. Hanson, John Hardin, Alexander Harnisch, A. Haungs, D. Hebecker, K. Helbing, Felix Henningsen, Emma C. Hettinger, S. Hickford, J. Hignight, C. Hill, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, R. Hoffmann, Tobias Hoinka, Benjamin Hokanson-Fasig, K. Hoshina, F. Huang, M. E. Huber, Thomas Huber, K. Hultqvist, Mirco Hünnefeld, Raamis Hussain, S. In, N. Iovine, A. Ishihara, Matti Jansson, G. S. Japaridze, Minjin Jeong, B. J. P. Jones, Donghwa Kang, Woosik Kang, X. Kang, A. Kappes, David Kappesser, T. Karg, Martina Karl, A. Karle, U. Katz, M. Kauer, J. L. Kelley, Ali Kheirandish, Ken'ichi Kin, T. Kintscher, J. Kiryluk, Ramesh Koirala, H. Kolanoski, Tomas Kontrimas, L. Köpke, Claudio Kopper, S. Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, Paras Koundal, Michael Kovacevich, M. Kowalski, Tetiana Kozynets, Emma Kun, N. Kurahashi, N. N. Lad, Cristina Lagunas Gualda, J. L. Lanfranchi, M. J. Larson, Frederik Hermann Lauber, J. P. Lazar, J. W. Lee, Agnieszka Leszczyńska, Y. Li, Massimiliano Lincetto, Qinrui Liu, Maria Liubarska, Elisa Lohfink, L. Lu, Francesco Lucarelli, Andrew Ludwig, William Luszczak, J. Madsen, K. B. M. Mahn, Yuya Makino, Sarah Mancina, Ioana Codrina Mariş, R. Maruyama, K. Mase, Thomas McElroy, Frank McNally, J. V. Mead, K. Meagher, Sarah Mechbal, Andrés Medina, Maximilian Meier, S. Meighen-Berger, Jessie Micallef, D. Mockler, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, R. Morse, Marjon Moulai, Richard Naab, R. Nagai, Uwe Naumann, Jannis Necker, Le Viet Nguyen, Hans Niederhausen, M. U. Nisa, Sarah Nowicki, A. Obertacke Pollmann, M. Oehler, Bob Oeyen, A. Olivas, Hershal Pandya, D. V. Pankova, N. Park, Grant Parker, Ek Narayan Paudel, Larissa Paul, Josh Peterson, Saskia Philippen, D. Pieloth, Sarah Pieper, Martin Pittermann, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, Yuriy Popovych, Alessio Porcelli, Maria Prado Rodriguez, P. B. Price, B. Pries, G. T. Przybylski, Christoph Raab, Amirreza Raissi, M. Rameez, K. Rawlins, I. C. Rea, Abdul Rehman, Patrick Reichherzer, Giovanni Renzi, E. Resconi, Simeon Reusch, W. Rhode, M. Richman, Benedikt Riedel, E. J. Roberts, S. Robertson, Gerrit Roellinghoff, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, D. Ryckbosch, Devyn Rysewyk Cantu, I. Safa, Julian Saffer, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, Alexander Sandrock, J. Sandroos, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, K. Satalecka, Maximilian Karl Scharf, Merlin Schaufel, H. Schieler, S. Schindler, P. Schlunder, T. Schmidt, A. Schneider, Judith Schneider, Frank Schröder, Georg Schwefer, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, S. Seunarine, Ankur Sharma, S. Shefali, M. Silva, Barbara Skrzypek, Ben Smithers, R. Snihur, Jan Soedingrekso, Dennis Soldin, Christian Spannfellner, G. M. Spiczak, Christian Spiering, Juliana Stachurska, M. Stamatikos, Todor Stanev, Robert Stein, J. Stettner, A. Steuer, T. Stezelberger, T. Stürwald, Thomas Stuttard, G. W. Sullivan, I. Taboada, F. Tenholt, S. Ter–Antonyan, S. Tilav, Franziska Tischbein, Kirsten Tollefson, Lenka Tomankova, Christoph Tönnis, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, Alexander Trettin, M. Tselengidou, C. F. Tung, A. Turcati, Roxanne Turcotte, Colin Turley, Jean Pierre Twagirayezu, B. Ty, Martin Unland Elorrieta, Nora Valtonen-Mattila, J. Vandenbroucke, N. van Eijndhoven, D. Vannerom, J. V. Santen, Stef Verpoest, C. Walck, Timothyblake Watson, Ch. Weaver, Philip Weigel, A. Weindl, Matthew J. Weiss, Jan Weldert, Chris Wendt, Johannes Werthebach, Mark Weyrauch, N. Whitehorn, D. R. Williams, Martin Wolf, K. Woschnagg, Gerrit Wrede, Johan Wilfried Wulff, Xiaolin Xu, S. Yoshida, S. Yu, Tianlu Yuan, Z. Zhang
Bibliographic record
VenueRepository KITopen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) · 2022
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicAstrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
Canadian institutionsUniversity of AlbertaQueen's University
FundersJapan Society for the Promotion of ScienceNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaHelmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle PhysicsChiba UniversityInstitute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba UniversityRWTH Aachen UniversityOffice of Polar ProgramsCollege of Engineering, Michigan State UniversityUppsala UniversitetKnut och Alice Wallenbergs StiftelseVillum FondenNational Research Foundation of KoreaMarsden FundBundesministerium für Bildung und ForschungSchweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen ForschungNational Science FoundationBelgian Federal Science Policy OfficeDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftUniversity of OxfordFonds Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekMarquette UniversityCanada Foundation for InnovationDeutsches Elektronen-SynchrotronNational Energy Research Scientific Computing CenterAustralian Research CouncilWestern Canada Research GridFonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRSPolarforskningssekretariatetUniversity of MarylandWisconsin Alumni Research FoundationCompute CanadaVetenskapsrådetU.S. Department of EnergyUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonNational Research FoundationMichigan State UniversityCarlsbergfondet
KeywordsPhysicsMagnetic monopoleAstronomyNuclear physicsParticle physicsTheoretical physicsAstrophysicsQuantum mechanics
Abstract
We present an all-sky 90% confidence level upper limit on the cosmic flux of relativistic magnetic monopoles using 2886 days of IceCube data. The analysis was optimized for monopole speeds between 0.750c and 0.995c, without any explicit restriction on the monopole mass. We constrain the flux of relativistic cosmic magnetic monopoles to a level below 2.0×10$^{-19}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ sr$^{-1}$ over the majority of the targeted speed range. This result constitutes the most strict upper limit to date for magnetic monopoles with β$≳$0.8 and up to β$∼$0.995 and fills the gap between existing limits on the cosmic flux of nonrelativistic and ultrarelativistic magnetic monopoles.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.005
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.003
Threshold uncertainty score0.013
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.015
GPT teacher head0.238
Teacher spread0.224 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations30
Published2022
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes