The remittance-food security dynamics in Jamaica
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It is an unsettled question whether the impact of remittance inflows (remittances) on food security is positive, negative, or null. We examine this question for Jamaica, the first for such a high remittance-receiving country. To start, we discuss the issues related to food security and remittances. Next, buttressed by theoretical underpinnings , we measure food security as calorie consumption and empirically evaluate how it is impacted by remittances in Jamaica over the period 1976 to 2019. We employ impulse response function analysis and Granger causality testing, within a robust vector error correction modelling framework. There are two key findings. First, we find a cointegrating relationship wherein the impulse analysis indicates that remittances positively impact calorie consumption in the long run, and vice versa. Second, we find that there is bidirectional Granger causality between remittances and calorie consumption. One implication of our findings is that remittances should form part of any broad developmental poverty alleviation polices, given their impact on promoting food security.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".