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Impacts of Targeted Wall Shapes on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Turbulent Pipe Flow
Why is this work in the frame?
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Canadian affiliationAn author listed a Canadian institution. This is the only route the usual frame has.
The three-model screen
all 1,000 screened works →All three models called this out of scope.
stratum: aff_core · design weight: 5595.24 (the sample is stratified; any rate computed without the weight is wrong)
Claude Opus 4.8OUT
genre: empirical
about Canada: no
confidence: high
Heat transfer in turbulent pipe flow; abstract absent but the title is unambiguous.
GPT-5.6 (high)OUT
genre: empirical
about Canada: no
confidence: low
The title concerns heat transfer in turbulent flow, not research itself, but the abstract is missing.
Grok 4.5OUT
genre: empirical
about Canada: no
confidence: high
Heat-transfer engineering of turbulent pipe flow with wall shapes; domain fluid mechanics.
Abstract
No abstract. This is not a gap in this database — OpenAlex has none either. 23.3% of the frame is in this state, and the screen finds HALF as much metaresearch here, so the absence is a measured bias rather than a missing field.
The record
- Venue
- SSRN Electronic Journal
- Topic
- Heat Transfer Mechanisms
- Field
- Engineering
- Canadian institutions
- Lakehead UniversityUniversity of Alberta
- Funders
- —
- Keywords
- TurbulenceMechanicsHeat transferFlow (mathematics)Materials scienceEnvironmental sciencePhysics
- Has abstract in OpenAlex
- no