The Importance of Publicity Factors in the Opposition of the Florentine Society to the Dictatorship of the Guelph Party
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The chapter deals with the importance of publicity factors during the acute social and political crisis of the Florentine society.In the first months of 1382, the next change in the political regime took place, accompanied by the intensification of several groups of contradictions: the feud between the supporters of the ruling Guelph Party (Arch-Guelphs),who had returned from the five-year exile and theiropponents,who came to power in 1378; between the wealthy entrepreneurs united in senior corporations (Artimaggiory) and the mass of artisans of the juniorguilds (Artiminori) joined by hired workers (ciompi), finally, between the dictatorial methods applied by the leaders of the “skinny people” (populominuto)regime and the republican and democratic principles rooted in the communal society in the system of relatively broad people power.In this situation of civil confrontation, the decisive role was played by publicity factors, which were expressed in the forms of mass spectacles traditional for the late medieval society — disgracing rituals and, on the contrary, the actions of asserting and triumphing the winning faction.Of great importance were the political structures that embodied the principles of democracy and freedom of opinion — Parlamento (the national assembly of all full citizens) and Balias elected by them — extraordinary commissions with equal representation of the warring forces and social strata, which were given extraordinary powers: they pushed into the background ordinary bodies of the communal government.Finally, it is worth noting the initiative and public activity of the members of the senior workshops led by the Lana Corporation: they engaged in dialogues with Signoria, with those in Balias, with the aim of influencing the parties to reach a reasonable compromise.Publicity and openness, the desire of the majority of the society to find a way out of the crisis justified themselves more than the reign of the called foreigners — Podesta and Captain of the People.The principles of communal popular sovereignty led the society to achieve a certain consensus, allowed avoiding the restoration of the Guelph dictatorship of the party, and provided the Arch-Guelphs, as well as their opponents, with access to government posts, while not excluding members of junior guilds from participating in the administration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.012 | 0.017 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.014 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".