A sudden change of heart: Warm acclimation can produce a rapid adjustment of maximum heart rate and cardiac thermal sensitivity in rainbow trout
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Warm acclimation in fish is often characterized by an increase in heat tolerance and a reduction in physiological rates to improve the scope to respond to additional challenges including further warming. The speed of these responses can determine their effectiveness. However, acclimation rates vary across levels of biological organization and are poorly understood in part because most research is conducted after an acclimation period of >3 weeks, when acclimation is presumed to be complete. Here we show that when rainbow trout were transferred from 10 to 18 °C, over 50% of the total reduction of maximum heart rate (ƒHmax) (i.e. the thermal compensation at moderate temperatures) occurred within 72 h, with further compensation occurring more gradually over the following 25 days. Also, the ability to increase ƒHmax with acute warming improved within 24 h resulting in a 30% rise in peak ƒHmax, but this ultimately declined again with prolonged (28 days) exposure to 18 °C. In contrast with some previous studies, upper critical temperatures for ƒHmax did not increase. Nonetheless, we demonstrate that rapid cardiac plasticity is possible in rainbow trout and likely blunts the impacts of thermal variation over relatively short timescales, such as that associated with heat waves and migration between water bodies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".