Structural and Dielectric Properties of Ba-Doped BNT Ceramics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, lead-free Ba-doped ((Bi(0.5)Na0.5)TiO3 ceramics were synthesized by the conventional solid-state reaction method and characterized by X-ray diffraction technique, which indicates the pure crystalline nature of ceramics with ABO3 symmetry. The splitting in the peaks reveals that the ceramics with x = 0.10 and 0.30 are well in Morphotrophic Phase Boundary where rhombohedral and tetragonal phases co-exist. The scanning electron microscope images show that the average grain size of the ceramics increases with an increase in the Ba concentration. Dielectric properties of pure and Ba-doped ((Bi(0.5)Na0.5)TiO3ceramics measured by LCR meter in the frequency range of 1 k Hz – 1 M Hz shows the decrease in the value of dielectric constant with an increase in frequency. εmax = 5563 was obtained at x = 0.30 with TC = 300 °C at the frequency of 1 k Hz, whereas σ (f) curves were found to be merging at a high value of frequency and temperature regions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".