Molecular and morphological analyses to improve taxonomic classification of<i>Metridia lucens</i>/<i>pacifica</i>in the North Pacific
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Molecular and morphological analyses were used to resolve the taxonomy of Metridia lucens/pacifica in the North Pacific. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) revealed two lineages of M. lucens and M. pacifica with an average sequence difference of 13.0%, which were supported by variations in nuclear internal transcribed spacer sequences. Metridia pseudopacifica in the eastern Pacific, mentioned by Mackas and Galbraith (2002), was included in M. lucens. The presence of M. lucens and M. pacifica was confirmed across the North Pacific, and different genetic population structures were suggested between the two species in the North Pacific based on mtCOI sequences. The morphological identification character of length of setae on the fifth pair of legs was not useful for classifying adult female M. pacifica and M. lucens. There were regional variations in prosome length and head angle; these two characters successfully classified &gt;98.2% of M. pacifica and M. lucens specimens from the North Pacific. As M. lucens and M. pacifica are key copepods in the North Pacific, accurate classification of individuals should be made in future studies to understand their relative contributions to marine ecosystems and improve detection of ecosystem change.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".