Modeling a BCG Birth Dose-based Vaccination Program for Improved Hepatitis B Control in Uganda: Mixed-methods study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background : Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is mainly transmitted perinatally. Delaying the first dose of HBV vaccine to 6 weeks of age as is the current practice in Uganda may increase the risk of perinatal transmission. In this study, we aimed to assess the uptake of BCG vaccine within 24 hours after birth and to assess the feasibility of BCG/HBV vaccine co-administration in Uganda. Methods : This was a mixed-methods study. We retrospectively collected data on BCG vaccine uptake, the timing of vaccination, and reasons for missed/delayed vaccination, at two hospitals: capital city-based St. Francis Hospital Nsambya (SFHN), and upcountry-based Mbarara Regional Referral hospital. We also conducted a cross-sectional study at SFHN to explore factors associated with delayed or missed BCG vaccination within 24 hours after birth. Results: Of the 2,002 newborn babies randomly sampled, 1,534 (76.5%) received BCG vaccine within 24 hours. On chart review, 140 participants had identifiable reasons for delayed BCG vaccination as follows: admission to neonatal unit with birth asphyxia (56.2%, n= 73), and birth weight <2.5kg (30.8%, n=40). On interviewing 73 mothers at vaccination clinics, admission to a neonatal unit for prematurity (n= 42, 57.5%), birth asphyxia (n= 73, 56.2%) or birth weight < 2.5kg (n=40, 30.2%) were the reasons for missed/delayed vaccination. The median human cost for the BCG vaccination process was $0.14. Conclusions: Over three-fourth of neonates received their BCG vaccine within 24 hours after birth, providing a convincing basis for co-administration of BCG and HBV vaccines.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".