A triple band rectenna for RF energy harvesting in smart city applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting is found to be the best alternative to conventional batteries for providing endless power to the sensor networks connected to perform various applications in the smart city. The electromagnetic energy density in the ambient environment is very low and not uniform, which demands a high gain multi-band rectenna system operating at mostly available energy bands and a suitable rectifier circuit that offers large PCE performance. This paper introduces a triple-band monopole rectenna with enhanced performance for smart city applications. A defective ground structure (DGS) has been investigated for a significant increase in gain with an increasing number of resonant frequencies. The proposed antenna operates over a band of frequencies that lies within 1.25–3 GHz, which covers 1.8/2.1/2.45 GHz frequencies. The antenna offers the gain values of 4.16/6.54/10.2 dB at 1.8/2.1/2.45 GHz frequencies, respectively. A single diode series-connected rectifier has been opted to efficiently operate over a wide range of input power levels from −10 dBm to 5 dBm and offers a minimum conversion efficiency of 60% within the operating bands at 0 dBm input power. The rectenna system is experimentally measured and the measured output voltage at 2.45 GHz frequency is 1.123 V.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".