SIGW Based MIMO Antenna for Satellite Down-Link Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, a 4-port multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna based on substrate integrated gap wave guide (SIGW) is presented for down-link satellite applications. The proposed MIMO antenna consists of four rectangular-shaped radiating slots, which are fed via SIGW to minimize dispersion and insertion loss. Firstly, single antenna element (reference antenna) is designed to have impedance matching and stable radiation pattern over the bandwidth 13.4–13.65 GHz. Afterward, different antenna configurations are studied to combine four identical elements of the reference one for the sake of minimizing mutual coupling between them. In this work, the edge-to-edge separation between the antenna elements for orthogonal and opposite orientations are 9.3mm and 17.3mm, respectively. The mutual coupling between antenna elements is suppressed by etching the upper ground in the region between the antenna elements. Moreover, further optimization is carried out by changing the dimensions of the etched slot to reach higher isolation between radiating slots for better MIMO diversity performance. With this approach, the realized gain is increased by 3-dBi and the maximum mutual coupling achieved at 13.5 GHz between port (1,2) and port (1,3) are −63 dB and −78 dB, respectively with isolation enhancement of 38 dB between port (1,2) and 48 dB between port (1,3). Both simulated and measured results indicate that the proposed antenna has a bandwidth of 13.3–13.8 GHz, with a high isolation greater than 40 dB. Furthermore, the realized antenna gain is around 9-dBi with radiation efficiency of 86%. In addition, the designed MIMO antenna offers excellent radiation characteristics and stable gain over the whole operating band. To explore the diversity of the MIMO system the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), multiplexing efficiency (ME), diversity gain (DG), channel capacity loss (CCL) and total active reflection coefficient (TARC) are studied. Finally, good consistency between simulation and measured outcomes is obtained confirming the validity of the MIMO antenna for real life satellite application systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".