Rational Design of Stable Four-Electron-Accepting Carbonyl-N-methylpyridinium Species for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Development of novel organics that exhibit multiple and stable redox states, limited solubility and improved conductivity is a highly rewarding direction for improving the performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). As biologically derived organic molecules, carbonylpyridinium compounds have desirable and tunable redox properties, making them suitable candidates for battery applications. In this work, we report a structural evolution of carbonylpyridinium-based redox-active organics, from 2-electron accepting BMP to 4-electron accepting small, conjugated molecules (1, 2), and then to the corresponding conjugated polymers (CP1, CP2). Through suppression of dissolution and increasing electrochemical conductivity, the LIBs performance can be gradually enhanced. At a relatively high current of 0.5 A g-1, high specific capacities for 1 (100 mAh g-1), 2 (260 mAh g-1), CP1 (360 mAh g-1) and CP2 (540 mAh g-1) can be reached after 240 cycles. Particularly, the rate performance and cycling stability of CP2 surpasses many reported commercial inorganic and organic electrode materials. This work provides a promising new carbonylpyridinium-based building block featured with multiple redox centers, on the way to high performance Li-organic batteries.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".