Aquaporin-4, Connexin-30, and Connexin-43 as Biomarkers for Decreased Objective Sleep Quality and/or Cognition Dysfunction in Patients With Chronic Insomnia Disorder
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives: To examine serum concentrations of aquaporin-4 (AQP4), connexin-30 (CX30), connexin-43 (CX43), and their correlations with cognitive function in the patients with chronic insomnia disorder (CID). Methods: We enrolled 76 subjects with CID and 32 healthy controls (HCs). Serum levels of AQP4, CX30, and CX43 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and polysomnography, and mood was evaluated with 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and 14-item Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. Cognitive function was evaluated by the Chinese-Beijing Version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-C) and Nine Box Maze Test. Results: The serum levels of AQP4, CX43, and CX30 were significantly reduced in the CID group compared to the HCs. Partial correlation analysis showed that the biomarkers showed no significant correlations with PSQI score, AHI, ODI and TS90, but AQP4, CX43, and CX30 were positively associated with the percentage and total time of slow wave sleep in the CID group. Serum concentrations of AQP4 and CX30 were positively associated with MoCA-C score in the CID group, and AQP4 level negatively correlated with spatial working memory errors. Conclusions: Subjects with CID patients have decreased serum levels of AQP4, CX30, and CX43 indicating astrocyte dysfunction, which could be related to poor objective sleep quality and/or cognition dysfunction.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".