The Impact of Upper Cut-Off Voltage on the Cycling Performance of Li-Ion Cells with Positive Electrodes Having Various Nickel Contents
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The charge-discharge cycling performance of pouch cells with single crystal LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (SC532), LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (SC811) and a prototype polycrystalline Co-free core–shell material with an average 94% Ni content (Ni94) were compared in this work. Two upper cut-off voltages (UCVs) per cell type were chosen to either include or exclude the remnant of the “H2-H3 phase transition” region, if present, of each positive electrode material. The core–shell Ni94 shows comparable performance to the SC532 and better performance than the SC811 only at 20 °C and 4.04 V UCV. In other testing conditions, the SC532 has the best performance followed by the SC811. The cross-section SEM images of the fresh Ni94 electrode show microcracks from electrode calendaring which is detrimental to its cycling performance as the exposed Ni-rich core has a high reactivity with the electrolyte which induces large impedance increase. The Ni94 material shows quite poor capacity retention and large impedance growth when charged to 4.18 V, through the large volume change associated with the “H2–H3 remnant,” but acceptable capacity retention when only charged to 4.04 V that avoids this large volume change.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".