Familial Factors in Early Pregnancy Among Adolescents and Young People: An Explanatory Study of Adolescents in Cape Town, South Africa
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The role of a family environment in shaping the sexual behaviour of adolescents and young people (AYP) has been acknowledged in literature. This explanatory mixed methods study is aimed at highlighting the role of familial factors contributing to AYP pregnancy in Cape Town, South Africa, guided by the concept of Bowen’s Family Systems theory. Secondary data from the Cape Area Panel Study (CAPS) were analyzed, using descriptive and logistic regression procedures reporting odds ratios (OR). To complement the quantitative data, qualitative data were collected, using three (3) focus group discussions and 15 in-depth interviews. Results show that AYP who resided with a mother or father had lower odds of reporting an adolescent pregnancy compared with adolescents who did not reside with either parent. Lower odds of reporting a pregnancy were also noted in families who had an income of between 20,000 and 25,000 rands and above 25,000 rands. The results showed that both parent-child residence and high family socioeconomic status were protective against AYP pregnancy. Both AYP and parents perceived that pregnancy is largely due to family poverty which disempowers AYP from negotiating safer sex, and lack of parental monitoring due to work demands. Parents admitted that it was tough balancing parenthood and work, especially in single parent families, resulting in reduced monitoring.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".