A VIRTUAL CHROMOENDOSCOPY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM TO DETECT ENDOSCOPIC AND HISTOLOGIC REMISSION IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aims We aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) system to assess endoscopic remission (ER) and histologic remission (HR) of ulcerative colitis (UC) in both white light (WL, using Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity [UCEIS]) and virtual chromoendoscopy (VCE, using Paddington International Virtual ChromoendoScopy ScOre [PICaSSO]). Methods A convolutional neural network (CNN) was developed based on 559 endoscopy videos, from 302 UC patients prospectively included in the PICaSSO multicentre study. The videos were divided in training (254), validation (62), and testing (243), and comprised 67280 frames in total. The CNN was trained to predict both ER (defined as UCEIS≤1 in WL and as PICaSSO≤3 in VCE) and HR (defined as Robarts Histological Index ≤ 3 with no neutrophils in lamina propria or epithelium) in video clips. Fig. 1 Results In the validation cohort, our system predicted ER in WL videos with 82% sensitivity, 94% specificity and an area under the ROC curve (AUROC) of 0.92. In VCE, sensitivity was 74%, specificity 95%, and AUROC 0.95. In the testing cohort, the diagnostic performance remained similar. The diagnostic performance for the prediction of HR in the validation set had sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 92%, 83%, and 85%, respectively, using VCE; and 83%, 87%, and 86% respectively, with WL. In the testing set, these metrics declined modestly while remaining good. Of note, the algorithm’s prediction of histology was similar with VCE and WL videos. Table 1 Diagnostic performance PICaSSO≤3 UCEIS≤1 RHI≤3 and no neutrophils in LP Validation/Testing cohort VCE 62 videos/243 videos WL 58 videos/241 videos VCE 61 videos/241 videos WL 59 videos/238 videos Sensitivity 0.74 (0.53 – 0.93)/0.60 (0.45 – 0.74) 0.82 (0.67 – 0.98)/0.68 (0.49 – 0.83) 0.92 (0.79 – 1.06)/0.78 (0.70 – 0.82) 0.83 (0.62 – 1.04) /0.89 (0.84 – 0.93) Specificity 0.95 (0.89 – 1.02)/0.89 (0.84 – 0.93) 0.94 (0.87 – 1.02)/0.88 (0.83 – 0.92) 0.83 (0.72 – 0.94)/0.77 (0.63 – 0.88) 0.87 (0.78 – 0.97)/0.49 (0.34 – 0.64) Accuracy 0.89 (0.81 – 0.97)/0.83 (0.78 – 0.88) 0.89 (0.81 – 0.97)/0.85 (0.80 – 0.90) 0.85 (0.76 – 0.94)/0.77 (0.71 – 0.82) 0.86 (0.77 – 0.95)/0.81 (0.75 – 0.86) Conclusions Our AI system accurately recognizes ER in videos and predicts HR equally well. Publication History Article published online: 14 April 2022 © 2022. European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. All rights reserved. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".