The Relationship Between Body Mass Index and the Magnitude of Curve at Diagnosis of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Retrospective Chart Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and spinal curvature in patients presenting with idiopathic scoliosis at a major pediatric tertiary care centre. Patients and Methods: Retrospective chart review (2015-2019). Data extracted from patient's first visit included age, sex, height, weight, spinal curvature (magnitude, location), referral source, physical activity participation (yes/no), pain (yes/no). Demographics were analyzed descriptively. The relationship between BMI and spinal curve magnitude was analyzed using Spearman correlation coefficient. Linear regression was applied to determine the relationship between BMI, curve magnitude, and curve location. Exploratory univariate analyses were conducted for BMI and referral source, pain, and skeletal maturity, and physical activity and pain. Results: A total of 206 patient charts were included (177 females, 29 males). Patients presented with double major (41.3%), thoracic (26.7%), thoracolumbar (22.8%), and lumbar (9.2%) curves. Mean (SD) BMI percentile was 48.3 (30.5). No relationship existed between BMI percentile and curve magnitude with curve locations combined. However, a test for interaction revealed a positive relationship between BMI percentile and curve magnitude for adolescents with double major curves, and a negative relationship for adolescents with thoracic curves. Exploratory analyses suggested a relationship between BMI percentile and presence of pain, and between referral source and curve magnitude. No relationship was observed between BMI and skeletal maturity, or physical activity and pain. Conclusion: The relationship between BMI varied by curve location within this cohort, in which most patients presented with a BMI <85th percentile. Findings highlight the importance of sensitive history taking and careful physical examination for early detection of scoliosis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.011 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".