Causal Relationship between Foreign Direct Investment, Growth and Exports: An Anecdote from Oecd Countries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the globalised world of today there is a process of integration between the countries and one way of integrating is by trade. In this instance export led growth surfaces and arises as an imperative factor. In the related pretext works offers rich acumens regarding role of Foreign Direct Investment and economic growth. In this paper we study the causal relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Exports on Growth of select 30 OECD countries. As a measure of economic growth Industrial Production Index (IPI) is used in the study. To examine the relationship Augmented Dickey Fuller Test and Phillip Perron Test was employed to test the unit Root and to examine the long term equilibrium relationship and direction of causality Johansen’s cointegration test and Granger causality was used. The study reveals important cointegrating relationship between IPI and FDI and IPI and Exports in 22 and 23 sample OECD countries respectively. In Granger lead relationship between IPI and FDI three bilateral relationships were revealed in Canada, Czech Republic and Spain and 16 Unilateral relationships were revealed in the same .In granger led relationship between FDI and IPI only 9 Unilateral relationships were revealed. In IPI and Exports only one bilateral Granger lead relationship was revealed in Finland followed by 6 unilateral relationships. In granger lead relationship between Exports and IPI 16 Unilateral relationship was exhibited. Hence to achieve economic growth FDI and exports are majorly instrumental. The empirical findings suggest that OECD countries should continue the policy aimed at attracting FDI and expanding the exports sector in FDI led Growth and exports led growth. This study has some major implications in strategizing FDI and export policies for OECD region.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".