Analysis of an Off-Grid Photovoltaic-Wind Hybrid Power System for Disi Water Pumping Project
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A standalone hybrid PV/ wind energy system is proposed to be used to continuously power a submersible water pump from a selected well out of 55 production wells located at the Disi aquifer, South of Jordan. Each of these wells has a continuously-operating water flow rate of 288 m3 /h. Excess energy, if any, is to be stored in the form of a pumped water storage at the ground level near the well. Solar radiation and wind speed data for Al-Mudawara border meteorologicalstation, which was taken as a representative of the Disi water aquifer were collected and analyzed. Energy analysis was monthly made on the basis of average daily available energy. The performance of three PV/wind power plant scenarios was analyzed through the study of the underground water pumping wells using Life Cycle Cost (LCC) method. It was found that, for one scenario, the hybridization of a 16.5 MW is produced by PV power plant and 27.5 MW by wind power plant at Al-Mudawara site is the optimal scenario which is economically and technically feasible. It was found that the storage energy covered the load after implementation of the proposed project, the cost of 1 kWh of energy produced was estimated to be 0.16 $/kWh., and the system payback period was 4.5 years.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".