2013 Canadian Society of Animal Science–Canadian Meat Science Association Joint Meeting
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study evaluated a new compound (3-nitrooxypropanol, NOP) designed to reduce enteric CH 4 emissions.Inhibition of enteric CH 4 production is of great importance because CH 4 is a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming and because it represents a loss of energy for ruminants.The objective was to determine whether enteric CH 4 emissions from beef cattle could be reduced by supplementing the diet with NOP.Eight ruminally cannulated heifers receiving a ration consisting of 60% barley silage, 35% barley grain and 5% vitamin-mineral supplement [dry matter (DM) basis] were used in a duplicated 4 )4 Latin square with 28-d periods.Dietary treatments were NOP fed at 0,0.75, 2.25 and 4.5 mg kg (1 of body weight.The NOP was top dressed onto the ration once daily at the time of feeding.Data were analysed using a mixed model that included the fixed effect of treatment, sampling time and their interaction, with period and animal as random effects.Sampling time was considered a repeated measure.Dry matter intake (DMI) was reduced compared with the control when 2.25 mg kg (1 of NOP was supplemented, yet DMI was not affected by higher or lower inclusion levels of NOP.No effect of NOP on digestibility was observed.Methane production (g/kg (1 DMI) was reduced linearly with dose of NOP, with a 33% reduction compared with the control at the highest dose of NOP.Average ruminal pH (measured continuously for 7 d) was not affected, but minimum pH increased linearly with dose of NOP.Acetate (A) concentration was reduced and propionate (P) concentration increased with increasing dose of NOP, which in turn led to a reduction in the A:P ratio.Total bacteria and methanogens were not affected by NOP supplementation and protozoa populations were inconsistently affected.Results show the potential of NOP to reduce CH 4 production in ruminants, but further research is needed to confirm whether such reductions are maintained over longer feeding periods.The NOP compound warrants further investigation as a CH 4 reduction strategy; however, the small reduction in DMI could potentially negatively affect animal performance if confirmed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.141 | 0.039 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".