Lymphoepithelioma-Like Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Report of Three Cases and Review of Literature
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas (LELCs) are carcinomas which show histologic similarities to lymphoepithelioma (AKA nasopharyngeal carcinoma) and prominently feature a lymphoid-rich stroma with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. LELCs have been described in a number of different organ systems, are often associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, and have been reported to carry favorable prognoses when compared to classic carcinomas of these organ systems. LELCs of the liver are exceedingly rare. Here, we report three cases of lymphoepithelioma-like hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in one female and two male patients. All three carcinomas were composed of a population of malignant cells with focal to diffuse positivity for HepPar-1, as well as a prominent lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate intimately associated with the malignant cells. In two cases investigated by immunohistochemistry, the lymphoid population contained a prominent CD3 + T-cell population which consisted of CD4 + lymphocytes and CD8 + cytotoxic T cells, which also showed staining for T-cell intracellular antigen-1 (TIA-1). Chromogenic in situ hybridization for EBV-encoded RNA (EBER CISH) was negative in both the malignant cells and the lymphoid population in all three cases. Two patients who underwent surgical resection are alive without recurrence at 38 and 26 months after surgery. The third patient treated by chemoembolization died 31 months after the diagnosis. J Med Cases. 2015;6(7):297-303 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jmc2106w
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".