Spatiotemporal Data Model and Query Language for Tracking Land Use Change
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Management of spatiotemporal information requires a more generic and consolidated data model to facilitate applications such as tracking land use parcel changes. This paper presents such a spatiotemporal data model in the context of object databases by extending the Object Data Management Group (ODMG) standard and examines its feasibility in a land use application. This model extends the ODMG object model with a parameterized type, TimeSeries , which allows the shifting of spatial types into spatiotemporal types to support the representation of a series of states (i.e., the history) of an object. An object query language (OQL), spatiotemporal OQL (STOQL), which adds spatial and temporal dimensions to ODMG's OQL, is also designed. A case study demonstrates that STOQL supports the formulation of various spatiotemporal queries pertaining to historical states of spatial objects as well as spatial changes, including spatial type substitution. The model and query language have been implemented by using an object-oriented language in a geographic information system environment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".