Bibliographic record
Abstract
Long-term fiscal outlook is key U.S. challenge Egypt moves forward with economic reforms Canadian reforms enable more women to workThe high cost of suspending the Doha trade talksIn the past decade, Canada has seen an impressive increase in the number of women in the workforce.Much of the credit appears to go to mid-1990s reforms: family-friendly policies (improved access to quality early childhood education and care, and expanded maternity and paternity leave benefits) and lower taxes (a decrease in the secondary earner's tax wedge).To boost female participation and meet the challenges of population aging, other countries can follow Canada's example.With incomes stagnating at the beginning of this decade, Egypt in 2004 began to pursue ambitious reforms designed to help a more market-oriented economy take root.Aided by a supportive global economic and financial environment, real GDP has accelerated and investor interest has surged.But growth will have to speed up further to help employ a burgeoning, youthful workforce, and public debt must be lowered.The suspension of the Doha Round trade talks on July 24 caused barely a ripple in financial markets, but a lengthy breakdown would represent a "missed opportunity," cautions IMF trade expert Hans Peter Lankes.The world economy risks seeing an even more pronounced shift toward bilateral deals, with reduced transparency, more discrimination, and added red tape.The talks need to be rescued right away, Lankes says, or there may be years of drift.Despite tighter monetary policy, sharply higher energy prices, and a devastating hurricane season, the U.S. economy remained a key engine of global growth in 2005 and now appears to be on course for a soft landing.The country's main challenge lies ahead: if it is to ensure a sound long-term fiscal outlook, the United States must find a way to put Social Security and, especially, its Medicare and Medicaid programs on a durable footing.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.064 | 0.033 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".