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Record W4230404147 · doi:10.1136/jclinpath-2018-205216

<i>p16</i>

2018· review· en· W4230404147 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of Clinical Pathology · 2018
Typereview
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicCancer-related Molecular Pathways
Canadian institutionsToronto General HospitalUniversity of TorontoUniversity Health Network
Fundersnot available
KeywordsMedicineBioinformaticsComputational biologyComputer scienceWorld Wide WebBiology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The p16 gene belongs to INK4 family of genes and is made up of four members: p16 INK4A , p15 INK4B , p18 INK4C and p19 INK4D , all of which share biological properties, namely, inhibition of cell growth and tumour suppression. After p53 , p16 is the second most common tumour suppressor gene. It has been regarded as the familial melanoma gene. Immunohistochemistry for p16 has a well-defined role in distinct pathological scenarios. It is used to distinguish desmoplastic melanoma from reactive fibrous proliferation, with former showing strong nuclear positivity. In other types of melanoma, p16 protein expression is lost. Spitz nevi show retention of nuclear staining for p16. Benign mesothelial proliferations tend to retain nuclear p16 immunoreactivity, while malignant mesotheliomas lose expression. However, p16 fluorescent in-situ hybridisation analysis is recommended in the workup of malignant mesothelioma. Another common application of p16 immunohistochemistry is as an indicator for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and p16 protein is overexpressed in HPV-associated tumours. In this context, p16 immunopositivity should be strong, diffuse, nuclear or nuclear and cytoplasmic in location. Another use for p16 is demonstration of p16 immunopositivity in well-differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcoma.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.004
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.005
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Research integrity
Consensus categoriesResearch integrity
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.949
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0040.005
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0060.004
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0020.003
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.226
GPT teacher head0.526
Teacher spread0.300 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it