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Record W4230651344 · doi:10.1525/abt.2012.74.9.12

Review: <i>Homo Toxicus</i>

2012· article· en· W4230651344 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
R. C. Lord

Bibliographic record

VenueThe American Biology Teacher · 2012
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldVeterinary
TopicAnimal testing and alternatives
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPhilosophyMathematics educationPsychology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

When humans discovered fire, it was progress. More discoveries followed, and now progress is symbolized by 100,000 industrial chemicals developed in the past 70–80 years, compounds that have found their way into the environment and into the bodies of living organisms, including humans. Blood tests reveal that people harbor numerous toxic chemicals, including heavy metals, dioxins, fluorocarbons, and even DDT. Our bodies, having become accustomed to exposure to contaminants, resist them in small amounts. But the basic principle of toxicology is that it is the dose that makes a chemical poisonous and, as toxin levels increase, problems can result.Pollutants are everywhere – in plastics, toys, nonstick cookware, household cleaners, and as preservatives in a variety of products. Much of our food is contaminated. Meat may contain several hormones, and pesticides are frequently found on vegetables and fruits. Many toxins enter the water and travel up the food chain to humans.Environmental poisons can affect several body systems. Some alter gene expression at low levels; others block hormone receptors. Allergies and attention deficit disorders are linked to contaminant exposure. Reproductive anomalies, changes in sperm quality, and diminished fertility have been observed in many animals and even in humans, sometimes resulting from prenatal pesticide exposure.This 88-minute program is conveniently divided into 25 short scenes. It has subtitles that can be turned on or off and includes 45 minutes of interviews with scientists and environmentalists. (The DVD also contains a 52-minute version for use if time is an issue.) The format holds the viewer’s attention with frequent changes of approach, beautiful photography, and challenging dialogue. Loaded with thought-provoking information, it’s a powerful foundation for a unit on environmental toxins in a biology or environmental science class. Each scene, or group of scenes, could be the basis for reflection and discussion, with further reinforcement using activities such as debates, reports, posters, symposia, and creative arts projects. It could also be a challenge to action for groups desiring to take it further.The DVD’s “toxic buffet” is an attention-getter in which people on a busy city street are offered a variety of attractive, appetizing foods, typical of those that contain environmental contamination. Passers-by have lots of questions, but there are no easy answers. Nature is warning us, though. Amphibian and bee populations are disappearing; plants and animals are threatened with extinction; rivers are dying. Humans continue to introduce chemicals into the environment without realizing their health effects. The ominous truth is that we don’t know when we will exceed the breaking point.Though the program was filmed primarily in Canada, environmental contaminants know no geographic boundaries. This compelling presentation is a hard-hitting wake-up call, appropriate for high school, college, or adult viewing. It could be the Silent Spring for the current generation.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.621
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.173
GPT teacher head0.439
Teacher spread0.266 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2012
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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