Healthcare Utilization in Women with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome 2 Years After Diagnosis and Treatment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To document healthcare utilization 2 years after diagnosis in women with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Retrospective observational cohort study. Tertiary university-based medical center. Four hundred and fourteen women with OSAS were matched with 1404 women from the general population who served as controls. Patients were treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or were recommended weight loss alone. There were 231 treatment compliant (TC) patients, 91 patients not using CPAP (NCU), and 92 patients who were only recommended weight loss (WL). In the entire group, there was increase in fees of $123.43 ± $25.01 in the 2 years before diagnosis and a reduction of fees of $37.96 ± $21.35 in the 2 years after diagnosis (p < .0001). Physician claims increased in the 2 years before diagnosis by $111.22 ± 31.35 in TC and by $152.77 ± 59.55 in the NCU groups and then decreased in TC by $20.96 ± $26.60 (p < .01) and NCU by $72.20 ± 45.91 in the 2 years after diagnosis (p < .01). The fees in WL group did not change significantly. The number of clinic visits of the entire group increased in the 2 years before diagnosis by 2.32 ± 0.43 and decreased over the next 2 years by 1.48 ± 0.42 visits (p < .0001). There was an increase of clinic visits in the 3 subgroups in the 2 years before diagnosis (2.30 ± 0.57 in TC, 2.55 ± 0.99 in NCU, and 2.18 ± 0.82 in WL groups) followed by a reduction of clinic visits over the next 2 years (1.56 ± 0.55 fewer visits in TC [p < .0001], 1.70 ± 0.90 in NCU [p < .01], and 1.04 ± 0.90 in the WL group [p < .05] ). Healthcare utilization in women with OSAS increased in the years before sleep-clinic evaluation and then decreased in the following 2 years.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".