Silent Glutamatergic Synapses and Long-term Facilitation in Spinal Dorsal Horn Neurons
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Neurons in the superficial dorsal horn of the spinal cord are important for conveying sensory information from the periphery to the central nervous system. It has been proposed that some synapses between primary afferent fibers and spinal dorsal horn neurons are inefficient or silent. Ineffective sensory transmission could result from a small postsynaptic current that fails to depolarize the cell to threshold for an action potential or a cell with a normal postsynaptic current but an increased threshold for action potentials. One possible mechanism for ineffective synapses is the existent of silent glutamatergic synapses. In silent synapses, postsynaptic dorsal horn neurons lack functional AMPA/KA receptors and no synaptic responses are detected even when glutamate is released from presynaptic sensory afferent fibers. Serotonin (5-HT), a major neurotransmitter of the raphe-spinal projecting pathway, transforms silent glutamatergic synapses into functional ones by recruiting postsynaptic functional AMPA receptors. AMPA receptor interaction with PDZ-containing proteins is critical for 5-HT induced recruitment. Silent synapses, as well as their recruitment mechanisms, are developmentally regulated and can still be found in adult synapses. However, they are “functional” and contribute to some sensory transmission. The recruitment of AMPA receptors into pure NMDA receptor containing sensory synapses requires coactivation of 5-HT and postsynaptic adenylyl cyclases. The recruitment of silent glutamatergic synapses provides a synaptic mechanism for spinal senstization in pathological pain, including possible pheonotype switching of dorsal horn neurons. These results suggest that the transformation of silent glutamatergic synapses may serve as a cellular mechanism for central plasticity in the spinal cord.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".