An Epidemiological Study of Sputum Positive TB Patients & Burden of Tuberculosis amongst their Contacts in East District of Sikkim
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background- Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem all over the world and more so in India as it reports the highest burden of TB (both Drug sensitive and Drug resistant TB) globally. The magnitude of TB in Sikkim is enormous as is evident by the number of cases being reported (275 per 100,000 population) which is higher than the national average. It is a known fact that one single active case of TB can infect about 10 to 15 persons in a year. Early identification of the contacts ensures a better chance at cure and also helps to reduce the transmission. Materials and Method - It was a cross sectional study conducted among all the Sputum Positive cases of Tuberculosis and their household contacts in East District of Sikkim that were registered with RNTCP for the first and second quarters of the year 2017. Results- A total of 55 sputum positive cases of Tuberculosis and 196 household contacts were included in the study. Nearly 60% of the index cases reported having cough for more than two weeks along with fever in the beginning of their illness. On assessment of the past medical history of the contacts, it was observed that 8 (4.08%) had a history of TB in past. Almost a quarter of the contacts spent all their time in the same room as the index cases, another quarter spent only night time in the same room while about 61(30%) spend only daytime in the same room as index cases. Among the contacts, 5 were referred for sputum microscopy out of which 1 was found to be positive and 1 was negative. The remaining 3 didn’t get themselves tested. Conclusions- With the burden of TB being highest in India and having a goal to end TB by 2025, a more active approach to diagnose TB among contacts is the need of the hour which can led to early treatment and cut down transmission among the contacts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".