Bibliographic record
Abstract
It is now firmly established that calcium is a key component of cellular adhesiveness, as shown from live tissues and cultured cells dissociating whenever exposed to a calcium-depleted environment ( 1 ). Cadherins are Ca 2+ -dependent cell-adhesion molecules that bind homotypically to identical cadherin molecules on opposing cells ( 2 ). The homotypic adhesion and Ca 2+ -binding activities reside in the extracellular region of cadherins, whereas the intracellular domain, together with adapter proteins such as α-, β-, and γ-catenins, is responsible for linking cadherin to cytoskeletal actin filaments. The coordinated intercellular and intracellular protein-protein interactions are crucial for the formation of tissue structure and the proper physiological functioning of tissues ( 3 ). Recent reviews have compiled the findings of several structural studies showing the intricate partnership between calcium binding and protein-protein interactions in cadherins ( 4 , 5 ). In this chapter, we will describe a variety of techniques that have been employed to study the function and structure of cadherin molecules. Because there is an excellent review of the protocols for the investigation of cadherin cellular functions ( 6 ), we will focus on the molecular and structural studies of this family of Ca 2+ -binding proteins. A brief description of a cell aggregation assays and its inhibition has also been provided. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.024 | 0.014 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".