Bibliographic record
Abstract
On December 20th 2013 the Supreme Court of Canada (in Canada (Attorney General) v. Bedford) struck down three key prostitution laws -Criminal Code s. 213(1)(c), communicating in public for the purposes of prostitution; s. 210, being an inmate, owner or operator of a bawdy-house; a and s. 212(1)(j) living on the avails of another's prostitution.The Supreme Court of Canada deemed that:The three impugned provisions, primarily concerned with preventing public nuisance as well as the exploitation of prostitutes, do not pass Charter muster: they infringe the s. 7 rights of prostitutes by depriving them of security of the person in a manner that is not in accordance with the principles of fundamental justice.b The Bedford decision pivoted on compelling social science and testimonial evidence c that criminalization increases sex workers' vulnerability to violence by "forc [ing] prostitutes to choose between their liberty interest and their right to security of the person as protected under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms".d When the justices of the Supreme Court of Canada e suspended the declaration of invalidity for one year the Government of Canada was afforded an opportunity to introduce an enlightened human rights approach that foregrounded the safely, security and well-being of sex workers. Instead it choose to table Bill C-36, the Protection of Communities and Exploited Persons Act f-an ideological stew beginning with a preamble that expresses concern about "the risks of violence posed to those who engage in it [prostitution]"; nods to second wave feminists by condemning the "objectification of the human body and the commodification of sexual activity" before reiterating a commitment "to protecting communities from the harms associated with prostitution".g Rhetoric aside the legislation itself will reproduce the same harms the Supreme Court of Canada found to be contrary to the Charter of Rights and Freedoms -indeed on July 7, 2014 over 200 Canadian lawyers signed an open letter to expressing concern that "the criminal regime proposed by Bill C-36 is likely to offend the Charter".hSex workers and their allies in the academy, legal sector and health care field have been quickto condemn the legislation that imposes the master status of 'victim' on sex workers then wields the blunt instrument of criminal law to 'save' them.Sex workers maintain that the proposed legal regime will push the sex industry further into the shadows, restrict sex workers' access Éditorial/
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.039 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.011 | 0.009 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.069 | 0.047 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".