Chronic Hepatitis in Labrador Retrievers: Clinical Presentation and Prognostic Factors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background: An increased incidence of chronic hepatitis has been reported in Labrador Retrievers. Hypothesis: A breed associated hepatopathy occurs in Labrador Retrievers. Animals: Twenty-four client-owned Labrador Retrievers. Methods: Medical records of dogs with histopathologic confirmation of chronic hepatitis were retrospectively reviewed. A clinical score based on clinical signs and the results of biochemical tests was generated for each dog. Hepatic biopsy specimens were scored for disease activity, fibrosis, and copper accumulation. Results: The median age was 9.3 years (range, 3.9–14.0 years). Clinical signs included inappetence, vomiting, lethargy, and weight loss. All dogs had increases in serum activity of one or more hepatobiliary enzyme. Hyperbilirubinemia and hypoalbuminemia were present in 45% and 21% of dogs, respectively. The median clinical score was 2.9, with a range of 0–8. The median histopathology activity and the fibrosis scores were 3.5 (range, 1–6) and 3.0 (range, 0–4), respectively. Rhodaninepositive copper staining was present in 15 of 17 biopsy specimens, with a median score of 2.0 (range, 0–3). Median survival was 374 days (range, 1–2645 days). A prolonged prothrombin time (P= .013) and thrombocytopenia (P= .041) were associated with survival < 2 months. The presence of anorexia (P= .049), hypoglobulinemia (P= .045), or prolonged partial thromboplastin time (P= .033) were associated with shorter overall survival times. The clinical score correlated with survival time (P= .030) and histopathologic staging (P= .049). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: A progressive hepatopathy in Labrador Retrievers in this study was marked by chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and copper accumulation. A clinical scoring system that correlates with survival time may be useful as a noninvasive method to predict prognosis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".