Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm and/or low-birth-weight infants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: Primary objectives To determine the efficacy and safety of iv or oral paracetamol compared with placebo or no intervention for closure of a PDA in preterm and/or low birth weight infants. To determine the efficacy and safety of iv or oral paracetamol compared with iv indomethacin, for closure of a PDA in preterm and/or low birth weight infants. To determine the efficacy and safety of iv or oral paracetamol compared with iv ibuprofen for closure of a PDA in preterm and/or low birth weight infants. To determine the efficacy and safety of iv or oral paracetamol compared with oral ibuprofen for closure of a PDA in preterm and/or low birth weight infants. To determine the efficacy and safety of iv or oral paracetamol compared with other cyclo‐oxygenase inhibitors (separate analyses for different cyclo‐oxygenase inhibitors) for closure of a PDA in preterm and/or low birth weight infants. Secondary objectives To determine in subgroup analyses the efficacy and safety of paracetamol for closure of a PDA in relation to postnatal ages of < seven days, seven to 14 days and > 14 days at the time of administration of the first dose of paracetamol. To determine in subgroup analyses the efficacy and safety of paracetamol for closure of a PDA in relation to the following criteria: gestational age (< 28 weeks, 28 to 32 weeks, 33 to 36 weeks); birth weight (< 1000 g, 1000 to 1500 g, 1501 to 2500 g).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Direct model labels (unvalidated)
Per-model category and study-design labels from the labeling rounds. They are machine output, unvalidated, and the disagreement between models ships as data. No study design here is MEDLINE-validated yet.
| Model arm | Categories | Study design | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| gemma | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Review About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Systematic review | low |
| gpt | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Review About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Systematic review | high |
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedLabeled directly by 2 models reading the full record.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".