Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm and/or low-birth-weight infants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: Primary objectives To determine the efficacy and safety of iv or oral paracetamol compared with placebo or no intervention for closure of a PDA in preterm and/or low birth weight infants. To determine the efficacy and safety of iv or oral paracetamol compared with iv indomethacin, for closure of a PDA in preterm and/or low birth weight infants. To determine the efficacy and safety of iv or oral paracetamol compared with iv ibuprofen for closure of a PDA in preterm and/or low birth weight infants. To determine the efficacy and safety of iv or oral paracetamol compared with oral ibuprofen for closure of a PDA in preterm and/or low birth weight infants. To determine the efficacy and safety of iv or oral paracetamol compared with other cyclo‐oxygenase inhibitors (separate analyses for different cyclo‐oxygenase inhibitors) for closure of a PDA in preterm and/or low birth weight infants. Secondary objectives To determine in subgroup analyses the efficacy and safety of paracetamol for closure of a PDA in relation to postnatal ages of < seven days, seven to 14 days and > 14 days at the time of administration of the first dose of paracetamol. To determine in subgroup analyses the efficacy and safety of paracetamol for closure of a PDA in relation to the following criteria: gestational age (< 28 weeks, 28 to 32 weeks, 33 to 36 weeks); birth weight (< 1000 g, 1000 to 1500 g, 1501 to 2500 g).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Direct model labels (unvalidated)
Per-model category and study-design labels from the labeling rounds. They are machine output, unvalidated, and the disagreement between models ships as data. No study design here is MEDLINE-validated yet.
| Model arm | Categories | Study design | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| gemma | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Review About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Systematic review | low |
| gpt | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Review About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Systematic review | high |
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.013 | 0.035 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.010 | 0.008 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.008 | 0.010 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.054 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedLabeled directly by 2 models reading the full record.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".