Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Parmenion, son of Philotas, was Macedon's foremost general during the reigns of Philip II of Macedon and Alexander III, The Great. Born ca. 400 bce , Parmenion was the father of the hipparch (cavalry commander) Philotas and of Nikanor, who commanded the hypaspists (shield‐bearers: the elite of the infantry). Attalos, the uncle of Philip's last wife, Cleopatra Eurydice, was Parmenion's son‐in‐law, and his liquidation at the end of 335 was Parmenion's guarantee of loyalty. In 334 he transported most of the infantry and cavalry from Sestos to Abydos, and at the beginning of the Persian campaign he commanded the infantry: twelve thousand Macedonians, seven thousand allies, and five thousand mercenaries. Parmenion's contribution to the great victories at the GRANIKOS and ISSOS are obscured by the tendency of Alexander historians to focus on the achievements of the king, who led the attack on the right; Parmenion was instructed to maintain a defensive position on the Macedonian left. At Gaugamela some hostile writers went so far as to blame the old general for Alexander's failure to capture the Great King after the latter had turned in flight. In 330 Parmenion was left in ECBATANA (HAMA‐DAN), as Alexander pushed on in pursuit of Darius; although it appears that he was to rejoin the king at a later point, Alexander decided to leave him behind, once he realized that the forthcoming campaign would require mobility and would be less dependent on heavy infantry.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.503 | 0.176 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".