The management and outcome of bladder carcinoma in Ontario, 1982–1994
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND To the authors' knowledge no previous study has described the management and outcome of bladder carcinoma on a population-based level. The objective of the current study was to describe the characteristics, treatment, and outcome of newly diagnosed invasive bladder carcinoma (n = 20,822) reported in Ontario, Canada between 1982–1994. METHODS Electronic records of invasive bladder carcinoma (International Classification of Diseases code 188) from the Ontario Cancer Registry were linked to surgical and radiotherapy (RT) records. Bivariate and multivariate techniques were used to assess variations in the use of initial cystectomy and pelvic RT. The authors modeled the likelihood of death after diagnosis and the probability of cystectomy free survival. All analyses were controlled for age, gender, histology, and year of diagnosis. RESULTS The most common histologic type was papillary transitional cell carcinoma. Maximum initial treatment was comprised of total cystectomy (5.1%), partial cystectomy or open excision (3.5%), pelvic RT (5.9%), transurethral resection of the bladder (66.7%), or lesser or no procedures (18.7%). The use of total cystectomy and pelvic RT varied among the regions of Ontario. Overall 5-year survival was 58.8%, and was 86.5% for patients with papillary histology. In multivariate analysis, although survival was similar among the regions, the relative risk of cystectomy conditional on survival varied. CONCLUSIONS Papillary tumors portend a better survival than nonpapillary tumors. Variations in the use of total cystectomy and in the use of pelvic RT among the regions of Ontario did not appear to be associated with variations in survival. However, cystectomy free survival appeared to vary among the regions. These results suggest that patients can be managed safely using a bladder-preserving approach. Cancer 2000;89:142–51. © 2000 American Cancer Society.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".