Clinical nephrology 1
Bibliographic record
Abstract
were following: (1) to determine differences between the premortem and postmortem diagnoses of ChP (2) to define more precisely the prevalence and the structure of diagnosis of ChP in Ukraine.Methods: The autopsy reports were obtained from 10 general hospitals situated in different regions of Ukraine.16190 autopsy reports from 1995 to 2004 were reviewed to identify all individuals (1518) found to have ChP.The following characteristics were analyzed: a basic disease, a complicating disease, a coexistent disease; the underlying and immediate causes of death, discrepancies between final clinical and autopsy diagnoses (FCD and FAD).Results: Ages of the deceased ranged from 18 to 93 years (mean=64.9).According to the FCD frequency of ChP was 8.7±0.21%,FAD -8.0±0.22%(p=0.021).The prevalence of ChP in relation with the unit of hospitaltherapeutic/surgical was 3.2:1 (FCD) and 2.1:1 (FAD); in relation with sex -M/F -1:1.15(FCD) and 1.2:1 (FAD).Comparison of FCD and FAD showed that the rate of premortem overdiagnostics of ChP was 29.5±1.17%,underdiagnostics -19.1±1.01%; the clinical diagnosis of ChP was confirmed at autopsy in 51.3±1.28% of cases.The mean time of staying in hospital was: in relation with overdiagnostics -12.7±0.90;underdiagnostics -8.5±0.80 and confirmation -10.3±0.53 days (p=0.0045).According to the FAD ChP was a basic disease in 15.6±0.94% of cases, a complicating disease -in 13.2±0.87% of cases and a coexistent disease in 71.2±1.17% of cases.Among the immediate causes of death, more common were heart failure (23.1±1.08%),purulent-septic complications (12.8±0.86%),brain edema (9.7±0.77%),metastatic disease (6.3±0.63%),myocardial infarction and sudden coronary death (4.4±0.53%),pulmonary embolism (3.8±0.49%),multi-organ failure (3.3±0.46%),pulmonary edema (3.0±0.44%).The distribution of the underlying causes of death was following: cardiac and vascular diseases -25.8±1.12%,kidney diseases -21.7±1.06% (includes ChP -15.6±0.94%,renal stones disease -3.5±0.47% and polycystic kidney disease -1.4±0.30%),malignant neoplasms -16.6±0.95%,digestive system diseases -8.2±0.70%,lung diseases -4.6±0.54%,diabetes -3.1±0.44%.Conclusions: The prevalence of ChP according to FAD was 8.0±0.22% that was less than the one obtained from FCD. ChP more often occurred as a coexistent disease (71.2±1.17%).The most common underlying causes of death in ChP patients were cardiac and vascular diseases, kidney diseases (includes ChP, renal stones disease and polycystic kidney disease) and malignant neoplasms; among the immediate causes of death dominated: heart failure and purulent-septic complications.The percent confirmation of FCD and FAD in ChP was only 51.3±1.28%.Our results suggest that premortem diagnostics need to be improved for the elaboration of correct diagnoses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.048 | 0.016 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".