Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of novel quaternary ammonium salts against Staphylococcus Aureus in biofilm and planktonic form
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Quaternary ammonium salts (QASs) are widely spread cationic surfactants applicable in various industrial branches. QASs manifesting antibacterial effect contain hydrophilic core and a long alkyl chain in the structure. These compounds have strong antimicrobial activity against certain bacteria strains especially non-spore forming, yeasts, or protozoa. S. Aureus is a frequent cause of nosocomial infections and plays an important role in the persistence of chronic infections, especially when it’s attached to medical implants and host tissue, and developed in mature biofilm. Either way, this pathogen represents a significant burden on the healthcare system and new antimicrobial compounds are always required in clinical practice. Hypothesis and aims: Our main research activity involves the synthesis of novel compounds based on QASs and evaluating their eradication ability against pathogenic S. Aureus in biofilm and free-floating form and subsequent effectivity comparison against these two different bacterial states. Methodology: All newly prepared compounds were prepared by the nucleophilic reaction, verified by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HR-MS). The antimicrobial properties were evaluated by microdilution broth assay and by Calgary device based assay with MIC, MBC, and MBEC as outcomes. Results: Series of novel QAS were prepared and verified. The MICs, MBCs, and MBECs were measured for all substances and have shown antimicrobial potential against S. Aureus in both states, however higher concentration was needed for biofilm eradication. The activities of newly prepared compounds were comparable to QASs based disinfections already known and commonly used in practice. Conclusion: Series of synthesized compounds underwent antimicrobial evaluation and several compounds have shown antimicrobial potential against S. Aureus in planktonic and biofilm form.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".