Understanding the Aging Degradation of Doped Barium Cerate Proton Conductor in Ambient Air at Room Temperature
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As a promising alternative power generation technology, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) have been intensively studied during the past several decades [1]. Among all the solid electrolyte candidates, proton conducting materials, e.g., BaCeO3, exhibit relatively high ionic conductivity at intermediate temperature (< 750 oC). Particularly, Zr and Y doped cerate, e.g., BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.2O3 (BZCY) was widely reported to have excellent conductivity as well as adequate stability in resisting concentrated CO2 up to 30 % with moisture at elevated temperatures typical for SOFC operation [2,3]. Herein, via using a combinations of various electrochemical measurements together with materials characterization techniques including XRD, TEM, SEM, XPS, TG-MS and FTIR, we firstly report that BZCY was prone to a gradual degradation in ambient air at room temperature with considerably minor CO2 (~0.04%) and humidity (<45% relative humidity). The adsorbed H2O acted as an effective catalyst that promoted the decomposition of BZCY via reaction with CO2, subsequently leading to the formation of BaCO3 nanorods as the major impurity phase, presumably following a microcrucible mechanism. Yttrium (oxy)carbonate and amorphous CeO2 and ZrO2 were also produced. It is also confirmed that the doping elements of Ce and Y caused the degradation of BZCY. During the fuel cells tests, the formed impurities on BZCY significantly hindered the electrocatalytic reactions at the electrolyte/electrode interfaces. We also proposed the regeneration and appropriate storage method of the electrolyte materials. Figure 1. TEM microscopic analysis of: (left) HAADF-STEM image of degraded BZCY with amorphous mixed oxides microcrucible and BaCO3 nanorods: (right) elemental mapping of Ba, Ce, Zr and Y. [1] X. W. Zhou, N. Yan, K. T. Chuang, J. L. Luo, RSC Adv., 4(2014), 118. [2] N. Yan, X. Z. Fu, K. T. Chuang, J. L. Luo, J. Power Sources, 254(2014),48. [3] L Yang, et. al., Science 326 (2009), 126. Figure 1
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".