Canada – Measures Relating to Exports of Wheat and Treatment of Imported Grain (WT/DS276): Report of the Panel
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Complaint of the United States On 17 December 2002, the United States requested consultations with the Government of Canada pursuant to Article 4 of the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (“ DSU ”), Article XXII:1 of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 (“ GATT 1994 ”) and Article 8 of the Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures (“TRIMs Agreement”) , with regard to matters concerning the export of wheat by the Canadian Wheat Board and the treatment accorded by Canada to grain imported into Canada. On 31 January 2003, the United States and Canada held the requested consultations, but failed to reach a mutually satisfactory resolution of the matter. On 6 March 2003, the United States requested the establishment of a panel to examine the matter. Establishment and Composition of the Panel At its meeting of 31 March 2003, the Dispute Settlement Body established a panel in accordance with Article 6 of the DSU and pursuant to the request made by the United States in document WT/DS276/6 (hereinafter referred to as the “March Panel”). At that meeting, the parties to the dispute also agreed that the Panel should have standard terms of reference. The terms of reference are, therefore, the following: “To examine, in the light of the relevant provisions of the covered agreements cited by the United States in document WT/DS276/6, the matter referred to the DSB by the United States in that document and to make such findings as will assist the DSB in making the recommendations or in giving the rulings provided for in those agreements.” On 12 May 2003, the Director-General composed the Panel as follows: Chairperson: Ms Claudia Orozco Members: Mr Alan Matthews Mr Hanspeter Tschäni On 13 May 2003 the Panel received two preliminary submissions from Canada requesting an early ruling on issues relating to the Panel's jurisdiction under Article 6.2 of the DSU and the adoption of special procedures for the protection of strictly confidential information.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.011 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".