Ontogenetic Scaling of the Cranial Horn Array in Phrynosoma orbiculare (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Phrynosoma orbiculare bears one pair of horns on the midline parietal bone (P2), two pairs on each squamosal bone (S1 and S2), and one horn on each frontal bone (F0). Reduced major axis (RMA) regression statistics for the relationship of each horn to head length, and of head length to body length, were estimated and compared for significant differences in slopes, size at smallest head length, and size at greatest head length. F0 and P2 increase at different but low rates, but S1 and S2 grow at a significantly faster rate and approach P2 length toward the upper end of the head length range. This suggests an adaptive role for the cranial horn array in adult lizards. No sexual differences were found in these relationships, but there were significant subspecific differences in the relationships of head length to body length and of S1 and S2 to head length. This allometry of the cranial horn array is hypothesized to represent a plesiomorphic condition among the horned phrynosomatids.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".